Nama : Junaedi Syafaat
NPM : 13216788
Kelas : 1EA19
Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct and indirect speech is used to say or retell what someone says to others. In Direct Speech we repeat exactly what someone says or what we hear by not changing a word.
For example: My sister said: "I have lost my money".
In Direct Speech, repeated speech or words are placed in quotation marks preceded by a colon after Reporting Verb. Direct sentences are usually used in conversations in books, plays, plays, or excerpts. If Direct speech above is converted into Indirect Speech it will be: My sister said that she had lost her money.
Based on the above example it is clear that Simple Past Tense in quotes turns into Past Perfect Tense in Indirect Speech.
To convert Direct Speech into Indirect Speech which needs to be considered is Reporting Verb in Simple Present Tense form, in Indirrect Speech will not change Tenses. That only changed its Pronoun.
For example:
He says: "The first train will arrive early today".
He says that the first train will arrive early today.
In Direct Speech changes to Indirect Speech tenses will change as follows:
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1 Simple Present Tense
Linda said: “I buy my dictionary at the book shop” Simple Past Tense
Linda said that she bought her dictionary at the book shop
2 Present Continuous Tense
She said: “I doing my English homework” Past Continuous
She said that she was doing her English homework
3 Present Perfect
John said: “I have finished doing my reports” Past Perfect Tense
John said that he had finished doing his reports
4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
He said: “We have been living here for three years” Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He said that they had been living there for three years
5 Future Tense
Laila said: “We will leave for Singapore” Past Future Tense
Laila said that they would leave for Singapore.
6 Past Continuous
He said: “I was reading an English novels” Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He said that he had been reading English novels
In addition to the tense changes in the above examples, the time statement also undergoes the following changes:
No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. Father said: “I’ll be very busy today” Father said that he would be very busy that day
2. He said: “I came to your house yesterday” He said that he had come to my house the day before
3. He promised: “I will return your books tomorrow” He promised that he would return my books the next day
4. They said: “We will go to your house next week” They said that they would come to my house the following week
5. She said: “I am going to America next year” She said that she was going to America the following year
6. He said to me: “I bought this dictionary last week He told me that he had bought that dictionary the previous week
7. John said: “My father came back from Japan last month” John said that his father had come back from Japan the previous month
8. She said: “I sent my application letter the day before yesterday” She said that she had sent her application letter two days before
Example
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