Nama     : Junaedi Syafaat
NPM       : 13216788
Kelas      : 1EA19


Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and indirect speech is used to say or retell what someone says to others. In Direct Speech we repeat exactly what someone says or what we hear by not changing a word.

For example: My sister said: "I have lost my money".

In Direct Speech, repeated speech or words are placed in quotation marks preceded by a colon after Reporting Verb. Direct sentences are usually used in conversations in books, plays, plays, or excerpts. If Direct speech above is converted into Indirect Speech it will be: My sister said that she had lost her money.

Based on the above example it is clear that Simple Past Tense in quotes turns into Past Perfect Tense in Indirect Speech.

To convert Direct Speech into Indirect Speech which needs to be considered is Reporting Verb in Simple Present Tense form, in Indirrect Speech will not change Tenses. That only changed its Pronoun.

For example:
He says: "The first train will arrive early today".
He says that the first train will arrive early today.

In Direct Speech changes to Indirect Speech tenses will change as follows:
No Direct Speech                                                   Indirect Speech
1 Simple Present Tense
Linda said: “I buy my dictionary at the book shop” Simple Past Tense
Linda said that she bought her dictionary at the book shop
2 Present Continuous Tense
She said: “I doing my English homework” Past Continuous
She said that she was doing her English homework
3 Present Perfect
John said: “I have finished doing my reports” Past Perfect Tense
John said that he had finished doing his reports
4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
He said: “We have been living here for three years” Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He said that they had been living there for three years
5 Future Tense
Laila said: “We will leave for Singapore” Past Future Tense
Laila said that they would leave for Singapore.
6 Past Continuous
He said: “I was reading an English novels” Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He said that he had been reading English novels

In addition to the tense changes in the above examples, the time statement also undergoes the following changes:

No Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. Father said: “I’ll be very busy today” Father said that he would be very busy that day
 2. He said: “I came to your house yesterday” He said that he had come to my house the day before
3. He promised: “I will return your books tomorrow” He promised that he would return my books the next day
4. They said: “We will go to your house next week” They said that they would come to my house the following week
5. She said: “I am going to America next year” She said that she was going to America the following year
6. He said to me: “I bought this dictionary last week He told me that he had bought that dictionary the previous week
7. John said: “My father came back from Japan last month” John said that his father had come back from Japan the previous month
8. She said: “I sent my application letter the day before yesterday” She said that she had sent her application letter two days before



Example

1. Helen said Jono, “May I borrow your dictionary tomorrow?”. What did Helen say to Jono…

a. Helen said Jono to borrow her dictionary tomorrow
b. Helen said Jono if/whether he might borrow her dictionary the following day
c. Helen said Jono whether she might borrow her dictionary the following day
d. Helen said Jono to borrow her dictionary the following day
e. Helen said Jono if/whether she might borrowed her dictionary the following day

Answer: C

2. Sofia said my mom, “Can I meet your daughter, Mila, now?”. We know that…

a. Sofia asked my mom if she could meet her daughter, Mila, then
b. Sofia asked my mom if she could met her daughter, Mila, then
c. Sofia asked my mom if she can meet her daughter, Mila, then
d. Sofia asked my mom if she could met her daughter, Mila, now
e. Sofia asked my mom if she can meet his daughter, Mila, then

Answer: A

3. My father asked My brother, “Will we spend the holiday in Lampung next month?”. We can conclude that…

a. My father asked my brother whether we would spent the holiday in Lampung the following month
b. My father asked my brother whether they would spend the holiday in Lampung the following month
c. My father asked my brother whether they would spend the holiday in Lampung the following month
d. My father asked my brother whether they would spend the holiday in Lampung the next month
e. My father asked my brother whether we would have spent the holiday in Lampung the following month

Answer: B

4. Miftahul said Dwi, “Will you marry me?”. We can conclude that……

a. Miftahul asked Dwi if she would marry him
b. Miftahul asked Dwi if he would marry him
c. Miftahul asked Dwi if he would marry hers
d. Miftahul asked Dwi if he would marry her
e. Miftahul asked Dwi if he will marry her

Answer: D

5. Fairuz said me, “Shall I go now?”. We can conclude that…….

a. Fairuz asked me that he should go then
b. Fairuz asked me that he should go now
c. Fairuz asked me if he should go now
d. Fairuz asked me if he shall go then
e. Fairuz asked me whether he should go then

Answer: E

Daftar pustaka

http://alfiarahmistai27.blogspot.co.id/2015/05/makalah-bahasa-inggris.html?m=1

http://www.bahasainggrisoke.com/contoh-soal-dan-jawaban-direct-indirect-speech-modal-verb-with-wh-or-yesno-question/

Nama      : Junaedi Syafaat
NPM        : 13216788
Kelas       : 1EA19

Question Taq

Question Tags are special sentence patterns in English that are used to request confirmation or approval. The question tag is a statement followed by a mini-question.
Question Tags are formed using auxiliary (is, are, can, may, must, will, etc) coupled with pronoun (I, you, she, he, we, they ) With the following formula:
- If statement is positive, Question Tag is negative.
- If the statement is negative, Question Tag is positive.

Discussion
Question tag formula
Linking verb "be" / auxiliary verb +/- not + pronoun
Information: Linking verb "be" is: is, am, are, was, were, while auxiliary verb is a primary auxiliary verb (be, do, have) or auxiliary verb capital (will, would, may, may, might, can, Shall, should) match the verb in the statement section.
Pronoun matches the subject in the statement section.

Example Question Tag:
    You love math, do not you? (Kamu suka matematika kan?)
    You do not love math, do you? (Kamu tidak suka matematika kan?)

Question Tag Formation
Based on general rule (general rule) positive question tag can follow negative sentence (negative sentence). Vice versa, negative question tags can follow positive sentence (positive sentence).

negative sentence, positive question tag negative sentence, positive question tag
Ahmad didn’t come late, did he?                  Ahmad came late, didn’t he?
The man isn’t stingy, is he?                         The man is stingy, isn’t he?
You haven’t finished your homework, have you? You have finished your homework, haven't                                                                                           you?
They won’t attend the seminar, will they? They will attend the seminar, won’t they

Example :

 ●      ther went to office late last day, ….?

● She wasn’t happy when he didn’t came to her house, …?

● They were learning Physics when we came last morning, …?

● I can do this faster, …?

● He could try again if he wanted to get more, …?

● I will be happy if you bring me many chocolates, …?

● Retna eats many fresh vegetables every night to her dinner, …?

● They shouldn’t play a lot if they want their task to be finished, …?

● Mia and I wanted to shop together last Friday night, …?

● He had many things to be sold, …?

Answer:

1. didn’t he?
2. was she?
3. weren’t they?
4. can’t I?
5. couldn’t he?
6. won’t I?
7. doesn’t she?
8. should they?
9. didn’t we?
10. didn’t he?

Daftar pustaka 

http://igietpoetra.blogspot.co.id/2014/12/makalah-question-tags.html?m=1

http://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/30-contoh-soal-question-tags-dan-jawabannya/